Utah Esthetician State Board Practice Exam

What is the term for the skin's natural pigment?

1. Melanin

2. Keratin

3. Collagen

4. Elastin

The correct answer is: Melanin

The term for the skin's natural pigment is melanin. Melanin is a complex polymer derived from the amino acid tyrosine, and it plays a crucial role in determining the color of skin, hair, and eyes. It acts as a natural barrier that protects the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation by absorbing and dissipating it, thereby reducing the risk of DNA damage and skin cancer. The amount and type of melanin present in the skin is influenced by genetics and environmental factors, such as sun exposure, which can increase melanin production leading to tanning. In contrast, keratin is a fibrous protein that makes up the structure of hair and nails, providing strength and resilience. Collagen is a protein that contributes to the skin's structure, firmness, and elasticity, while elastin is a protein that allows the skin to return to its original shape after stretching or contracting. Although all these components are vital for skin health, they do not refer to the pigment of the skin.